Meet ZHENG HE – The Greatest CHINESE MUSLIM Explorer
When people think of great explorers, they think of the usual names: Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta, Evliya Çelebi, Christopher Columbus, etc.
But not many know of Zheng He. The Muslim who became China’s greatest admiral, explorer, and diplomat. In China, he is well known, although not always recognized or glorified.
Zheng was born in 1371 in the southern China region of Yunnan to a Muslim Chinese ethnic family and named Ma He.
In China, the family name is said first, followed by the given name. “Ma” is known in China as short for “Muhammad”, indicating Zheng Muslim heritage.
At a young age, his town was raided by the Ming Dynasty’s army. He was captured and transported to the capital, Nanjing, where he served in the imperial household.
Despite the oppressive and difficult circumstances he was in, Zheng actually befriended one of the princes, Zhu Di, and rose to the highest positions in government. He was given the honorific title “Zheng” and was known as Zheng He.
In 1405, when emperor Zhu Di decided to send out a giant fleet of ships to explore and trade with the rest of the world, he chose Zheng to lead the expedition.
This expedition was massive. In all, almost 30,000 sailors were in each voyage, with Zheng He commanding all of them.
Between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He led 7 expeditions that sailed to present day Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Kenya, and many other countries.
It is probable that during one of his journeys, Zheng He was even able to go to Makkah to complete the Hajj.
Zheng was not the only Muslim on these expeditions. Many of his advisors and were also Chinese Muslims, such as Ma Huan, a translator who spoke Arabic and was able to converse with the Muslim peoples they encountered on their journeys.
He wrote an account of his journeys, titled the , which is an important source today for understanding 15th century societies around the Indian Ocean.
The ships Zheng commanded were up to 400 feet long, many times the size of Columbus’s ships that sailed across the Atlantic.
Zheng would sail back to China with exotic goods such as ivory, camels, gold, and even a giraffe from Africa. The expeditions sent one message to the world: China is an economic and political superpower.
Economics and politics were not the only effects of this great fleet that was commanded by Zheng. He and his Muslim advisors regularly promoted Islam wherever they travelled.
In the Indonesian islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo and others, Zheng found small communities of Muslims already there.
Islam had started to spread in Southeast Asia a few hundred years before through trade from Arabia and India. Zheng actively supported the continued growth of Islam in these areas.
Zheng established Chinese Muslim communities in Palembang, and along Java, the Malay Peninsula, and the Philippines.
These communities preached Islam to the local people and were very important to the spread of Islam in the area.
The fleet built masjids and provided other social services the local Muslim community would need.
Even after the death of Zheng in 1433, other Chinese Muslims continued his work in Southeast Asia, spreading Islam.
Chinese Muslim traders in Southeast Asia were encouraged to intermarry and assimilate with the local people on the islands and Malay Peninsula.
This brought more people to Islam in Southeast Asia, as well as strengthened and diversified the growing Muslim community.
As an admiral, diplomat, soldier, and trader, Zheng He is a giant of Chinese and Muslim history. He is seen as one of the greatest figured in the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia.
Unfortunately, after his death, the Chinese government changed its philosophy to a more Confucian one which did not support such expeditions like Zheng He’s.
As a result, his accomplishments and contributions were mostly forgotten or overlooked for hundreds of years in China.
His legacy in Southeast Asia, however is quite different. Numerous Mosques in the region are named after him to commemorate his contributions.
Islam spread in Southeast Asia through many forms, including trade, travelling preachers, and immigration.
Admiral Zheng He was also a major part of its spread in that region.
Today, Indonesia has the largest Muslim population of any nation in the world, and much of that could be attributed to the activities of Zheng He in the region.
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Meet Zheng He – The Greatest Chinese Muslim Explorer
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